Tag: Neurology
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Bicentenary of the birth of Pierre Paul Broca (1824–1880)
JMS PearceHull, England This year marks the bicentenary of the birth of Pierre Paul Broca, who established the cerebral localization of motor, expressive speech, and language function.1 He was the son of Jean “Benjamin” Broca, a surgeon in Napoleon’s army, and Annette Thomas. Broca was born on 28 June 1824 in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande in the Dordogne.…
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The neurology of Emperor Claudius
JMS PearceHull, England Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (10 BC – AD 54) (Fig 1) was a Roman emperor from AD 41 to 54.1 His eventful life was revivified in Robert Graves’s much-admired fictionalized autobiography.2,3 Although one of the most successful Julio-Claudian emperors after Augustus, he is perhaps more widely known for his physical disabilities.…
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Quaerens and the Dreamy States
JMS PearceHull, England We are such stuffAs dreams are made on, and our little lifeIs rounded with a sleep.—Shakespeare, The Tempest IV.1 Dreamy states are well known as brief aberrations of awareness and of altered thought that are a commonplace, normal experience. As a manifestation of epilepsy, they have been recorded by famous literati as…
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Earliest instance of Alzheimer’s disease as defense in a 1924 homicide trial
Saty Satya-MurtiJoseph LockhartSanta Maria, California, United States In the mid-twentieth century, few doctors and even fewer members of the public had ever heard of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Interest focused on senile dementia and arteriosclerotic vascular dementia while presenile dementia was thought to be uncommon and received little attention.1 Yet as early as 1906, Alois Alzheimer…
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Robert Remak remembered
JMS PearceHull, England This article is based in part on an older publication, Lancet 1996.2 The name of Robert Remak (1815–1865) is linked eponymously to several neurological observations. They include Remak’s band, Remak’s fibers, and Remak’s ganglion.1 His father was a cigar merchant, in a ghetto in the Polish town of Poznan.2 He studied medicine…
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From “punch drunk” to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
James L. FranklinChicago, Illinois, United States At a critical moment in the second act of Terrance Blanchard’s opera Champion, based on the life of the boxer Emile Alphonse Griffith, Emile’s trainer Howie Albert asks the fighter, whose boxing career is in a steep decline, if he can remember a sequence of three simple words: “school,…
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Italy’s Lady of the Cells: Rita Levi-Montalcini
JMS PearceHull, England Rita Levi-Montalcini began her scientific career as an oppressed Jewess in fascist Italy. She ended it in triumph as the neurobiologist who discovered nerve growth factor, a political activist, and a researcher until her death at the age of 103.1 Born in Turin in 1909, Rita Levi-Montalcini was raised by an authoritarian…
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Imagined conversation: The day Mitchell and Charcot met
Jack RiggsMorgantown, West Virginia, United States “Professor Charcot, allow me to introduce Mr. Thomas who has travelled to Paris from America in hope that you might assist him with a most troubling malady.” Charcot’s dutiful assistant stepped back and gave a transmitting nod. Charcot returned the gesture with an acknowledging nod. “Of course. Mr. Thomas,…
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Ancient “achoo”: The photic sneeze response in Greek mythology
Saty Satya-MurtiSanta Maria, California, United States Sneezing, or “sternutation,” has deep roots in mythology and culture. Often associated with life and health but also with death, various cultures have considered sneezing a good or bad omen. Blessing the sneezer with a long life after they sneeze has long been a familiar, worldwide practice. Depending on…