Category: History Essays
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The illness of King George III
JMS PearceHull, England, United Kingdom The Hanoverian King George III (1738–1820) was a diligent man of wit and intelligence, a man who enhanced the reputation of the British monarchy until he was finally stricken by illness. When this drove him from regal duties, politicians realized they missed his calming effect on their squabbles.1 In many…
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“Between false modesty … and conceit” – Sir Roger Bannister
Jack RiggsDavid WatsonMorgantown, West Virginia, United States Give me one moment in timeWhen I’m racing with destinyThen in that one moment of timeI will feel, I will feel eternity —Albert Hammond and John Bettis, “One Moment in Time” Sir Roger Bannister is perhaps the most famous neurologist in history, yet few associate his name with…
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The Warsaw ghetto hunger study
Howard FischerUppsala, Sweden “The organism which is destroyed by prolonged hunger is like a candle which burns out: life disappears gradually without a shock to the naked eye.”– Emil Apfelbaum, M.D., prisoner in the Warsaw Ghetto Nazi Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. One year later, the 450,000 Jews of Warsaw were confined to a…
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Science and medicine in Venice
Historical background The history of the Venetian republic begins with the plunder of Rome in 410 AD by the Visigoths and the destruction of Aquileia in 452 AD by the Huns precipitating a flight to safety to the largely uninhabited islands of the Venetian lagoon. The refugees formed a republic that lasted more than one…
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“For their own sakes”: The Edinburgh Seven, Surgeon’s Hall Riot, and the fate of English medical women
Mariel TishmaChicago, Illinois, United States “There seems to be practically no doubt now that women are and will be doctors. The only question really remaining is, how thoroughly they are to be educated . . .”—Sophia Jex-Blake, Medical Women: Two Essays1 In 1860s Great Britain, few women could practice medicine. The first was Elizabeth Blackwell.…
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Healing in the face of cultural devastation
Patrick FlynnLos Angeles, California, United States In 1855, a young Crow boy, no more than ten years old, ventured to the top of a mountain in present-day Montana. Over the next two decades, the boy would rise through the ranks of his tribe’s political structure, ultimately being elected chief at the age of twenty-nine. But…
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Maligning Macleod and “Bettering” Best: The discovery of insulin as depicted in film before Michael Bliss
James R. Wright Jr.Calgary, Alberta, Canada In 1921, Fred Banting and Charley Best, working under the supervision of JJR Macleod, made crude pancreatic extracts from duct-ligated dog, fetal bovine, or whole adult bovine pancreata and used these to treat diabetes in depancreatized dogs. On January 23, 1922, Walter Campbell administered a pancreatic extract purified by…
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Doctor in exile
Constance MarkeyChicago, Illinois, United States In August of 1935, a handcuffed Dr. Carlo Levi, (1902-1975), author of Cristo si è fermato a Eboli, (Christ Stopped at Eboli) arrived in the miserable southern Italian village of Gagliano (actually, Aliano).1 He knew why he was there. Indeed, under the fascist regime, he had already been arrested and…
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The Lewis and Clark Expedition: Medical ethics in uncharted territory
David BlitzerNew York, New York, United StatesAlvise GuarientoToronto, Ontario, CanadaRobert M. SadeCharleston, South Carolina, United States In 1803, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, with the backing of President Jefferson and the federal government of the newly created United States, set out to find the coveted Northwest Passage, an all-water route through North America. The primary…
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The death of King George V
Seamus O’MahonyLondon, England Bertrand Dawson, Lord Dawson of Penn (1864-1945), was the most eminent British doctor in the years between the two world wars. He was both a skilled medical politician (twice president of the British Medical Association, eight-times president of the Royal College of Physicians) and a brilliantly successful private practitioner. His bedside manner…