Month: May 2026
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Damascus, the oldest capital city in the world
Damascus, capital of Syria, was settled as early as 9000 BCE. It stands on the eastern slopes of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, nourished by the Barada River. The city was never abandoned or swallowed by desert sands; it always served as a center for trade, culture, religion, and medicine. Throughout its rich history, Damascus was conquered…
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Did Queen Anne have systemic lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome?
Óscar Lamas FilgueiraValencia, Spain Queen Anne is remembered as the last Stuart sovereign and the queen under whom the kingdoms of England and Scotland were formally united in 1707. Her personal life was marked by profound physical suffering. Contemporary accounts described her as chronically ill, exhausted, swollen, and in constant pain. For centuries, historians attributed…
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Medical themes in the writing of Richard Graves
Avi OhryTel Aviv, Israel Richard Graves (1715–1804) was an English cleric, poet, and novelist. He published a novel in 1773 titled The Spiritual Quixote; or, The Summer’s Ramble of Mr. Geoffry Wildgoose. In 1732, Graves finished his studies in Oxford and became a fellow at All Souls College. He moved to London to study medicine…
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Tobacco and hunger
Nicolas RoblesArturo Benegasi Jose MarínBadajoz, Spain Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a plant whose leaves contain high levels of nicotine, a highly addictive stimulant. Spaniards brought tobacco to Europe in the fifteenth century from the Antilles in the Caribbean, where it was smoked in traditional ceremonies by native populations. Its consumption spread rapidly throughout Europe, despite…
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The toxin in the garden: The Wilms tumor miracle
Prasad IyerSingapore The history of modern oncology almost always begins with a single name and clinical obsession: Sidney Farber and his war against “the white blood.” The 1947 aminopterin breakthrough at Boston Children’s Hospital is recounted with the reverence of a foundational story, the moment the tide first turned against pediatric leukemia. Yet, in the…
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Peter the Great and his reforms
Peter the Great ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725 and is remembered for his reforms that modernized the Russian state. Born in 1672, he became tsar at a young age, though he initially ruled jointly with his half-brother Ivan V under the regency of his sister Sophia. During his reign, he transformed Russia from a…
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Paul Janssen: Fentanyl innovator
Alan Jay SchwartzPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, United States Fentanyl is a remarkably potent opioid analgesic, but unfortunately is easily abused. It was invented by Paul Janssen (1926–2003) a Belgian entrepreneurial physician and founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica.1,2 Paul was the son of Constant Janssen (1895–1970), whose entrepreneurial mission importing and marketing pharmaceuticals eventually eclipsed his physician general practice.…
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How reliving adolescence made me a better psychiatrist
Marta AbrantesLisbon, Portugal My own adolescence still dwells within me, a submerged tide that mostly ripples calmly, but at other times unleashes heavy storms. I remember what I lived through, or swear “never again” with a lingering shame, yet I cannot deny the marks that are indelibly engraved inside me. As a child and adolescent…
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The Count of Monte Cristo: Medical
Alexandre Dumas père was inspired to write The Count of Monte Cristo by the experiences of his father, Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, son of a minor French nobleman and an enslaved Caribbean woman. Thomas-Alexandre was the first black general in the French army and accompanied Napoleon on his campaign to Egypt. On his return, his ship was…
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The walking stick as a social marker in society
Mitchell BataviaNew York, New York, United States The walking stick, also referred to as a staff, crosier, shepherd’s crook, gadget cane, and cane, has fulfilled many roles over the centuries as a symbol for power,1-3 authority,2 weaponry,1,4 social status,1,4 faith,1,5 magic,1 smuggling,1 fashion,5 and physical support.6 Regardless of role, the stick has served as a social marker identifying…