Category: Nephrology
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Potpourri Bolognese
Bologna is a frequent site for meetings by nephrologists. It is a lovely northern Italian city, easily accessible by air or by train. From the railway station, an easy walk under covered arcades takes the visitor to the center of town, to the San Petronio Cathedral, the two medieval towers, and to a modern shopping…
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The Pickering-Platt debate
JMS PearceHull, England Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC–43 BC), statesman, scholar, and philosopher once said: If no use is made of the labours of past ages, the world must remain always in the infancy of knowledge. It may therefore be worthwhile to recollect the aspects of hypertension highlighted by the famously protracted saga of the…
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Tinkering towards technology: Examples from the evolution of renal medicine in the UK
Eric WillNicholas MarksUnited Kingdom “Tinkering” is a mindset that responds to calls for improvement or repair through piecemeal modification. It may involve novelty or rediscovery, and ranges from mechanics to imaging, the concrete to the abstract. A writer tinkers with a text, the artist with a canvas, the mechanic with an engine. It is generally…
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The modern drug treatment of hypertension
1. Introduction The history of hypertensive therapy with drugs goes back to around 1900 or even earlier, when physicians began to prescribe a variety of medicines such as sodium thiocyanate, nitrites, alkaloids of ergot, pyrogens, rauwolfia, veratrum virile, barbiturates, bismuth, bromides, hexamethonium, or tetramethylammonium chloride. Most of these agents were ineffective and many were poorly…
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The eponymous tumors of the kidney: Wilms and Grawitz
In a time when diseases were often named after the first person to describe them, kidney tumors were classified into Wilms tumors for children and Grawitz tumors for adults. Both names supposedly honored the memory of these pioneers, and unlucky candidates sitting for medical examinations were sometimes expected to know who these people were. Max…
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History of ectopic kidney
Mostafa ElbabaDoha, Qatar “There are many errors in the development of the kidneys which are of great surgical and pathologic interest. Most of these errors are easily explainable by the remarkable evolutions which attend the development of the urinary apparatus. If anyone doubts the utility of a careful study of this subject, let him contemplate…
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Renal reminiscences
Medical conferences are an opportunity to travel and to meet. During the early days when renal transplantation, dialysis, and biopsy revolutionized nephrology, I had the opportunity to meet many members of the new discipline. I once listened to Jean Hamburger lecture about kidney transplants. I heard Robert Schrier lecture on salt and water. One summer…
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The discovery of urea and the end of vitalism
Mostafa ElbabaDoha, Qatar In history, ancient chemistry is known as “alchemy.” It is different than modern chemistry since it was mixed with philosophy and pseudoscience, although it is considered a protoscience. Alchemy failed to explain the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by experimentation and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern…
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Frank Parsons—A hemodialysis pioneer
Eric WillUnited Kingdom “Disillusion can become itself an illusion if we rest in it.”— TS Eliot Frank Maudsley Parsons (1915–1989) was an English pioneer of hemodialysis in the mid-1950s. His contribution is well known to nephrologists, but came at a personal cost in recognition that he expressed in his published journal affiliations. Context Leeds General…