Month: September 2025
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Jean Racine (1639–1699), tragedian of body and soul
In the second half of the seventeenth century, Jean Racine established himself as one of the two most accomplished composers of tragedy in the French language. Sharing this distinction with the earlier Piere Corneille, he drew his subjects mainly from mythology and Roman history, describing historical events and relating classical stories. He was raised after…
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Voltaire: Medical
François-Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire (1694–1778), remains one of the Enlightenment’s most brilliant and biting voices. He is remembered as a satirist, philosopher, and champion of reason, but less often as someone deeply engaged with the medical questions of his time. Yet Voltaire’s life, writings, and even ailments reveal the profound influence of medicine…
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On extracampine hallucinations and Alexander Selkirk
Avi OhryTel Aviv, Israel In what may be justifiably described as the “third man factor syndrome,” some people may experience the hallucination that another person is present with them in the room. The long-term war correspondent Sebastian Junger described such a phenomenon when, during an emergency surgery for a ruptured aneurysm, he had imagined that…
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Johannes Mesuë’s electuary of gems
Christopher DuffinLondon, England Gemstones such as sapphire, ruby, emerald, and topaz are complex silicate minerals. Their distinctive and intense colors, hardness, durability, and rarity suggested medicinal value to medieval scholars, famously summarized in medieval lapidary texts, or books about such stones. In the early 15th century, Monsieur Chiquart, Master Chef to the Duke of Savoy,…
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Leo Tolstoy: Medical
Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), one of literature’s greatest novelists, lived through an age of intense change in medicine. Nineteenth-century Russia was a country caught between ancient folk remedies and the rise of modern scientific practice, and Tolstoy himself straddled both worlds. His health was fragile, his writings repeatedly explored themes of illness, suffering, and death, and…
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Plato: Medical
Plato, the Athenian philosopher of the fourth century BCE, is remembered chiefly for his dialogues on ethics, politics, and metaphysics. Yet embedded within his philosophical works are numerous reflections on medicine and the human body. Living in a time when Greek medicine was undergoing a transition from superstition to rational observation, Plato drew on contemporary…
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Do machines dream of the human hand?
Elie NajjarNottingham, United Kingdom Imagine this: a machine that can see your heartbeat, read your spine, and calculate your risk of death better than your doctor can. Now ask yourself: does it understand you? Does it care if you live or die? The question is not whether machines will replace us, but something more unsettling:…
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Shaping science and education: The contributions of Dr. William H. Welch
Mikaela MelnychukJuhi PatelNoel BrownleeBlacksburg, Virginia William H. Welch was an American physician renowned for his work in pathology, public health, bacteriology, and as the “father of American medical education.”1,2 He was part of the “Big Four” founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital and was the first dean at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.2 Welch was…