Hektoen International

A Journal of Medical Humanities

Tag: Max von Pettenkofer

  • The belief in bacteria: An early history of microbiology

    Mostafa ElbabaDoha, Qatar The history of microbiology is a compelling narrative of how humanity slowly unraveled the unseen world of microscopic life. The field has fundamentally transformed medicine, biology, and human understanding of disease. But for millennia, explanations for the origins of life and the causes of illness were rooted in philosophical speculation and ancient…