Hektoen International

A Journal of Medical Humanities

Tag: American Revolution

  • Physicians of the American Revolution

    Kevin LoughlinBoston, Massachusetts, United States As the American Revolution began in 1775, the practice of medicine in the colonies was still in its nascent stages. There were only two medical schools in North America: the University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1765 by John Morgan and William Shippen, Jr., and Columbia, founded in 1767 by Samuel…

  • Did Casimir Pulaski have 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

    Gregory RuteckiLyndhurst, Ohio, United States “. . . I could not submit to stoop before the sovereigns of Europe, so I came to hazard all the freedom of America, and desirous of passing the rest of my life in a country truly free and before settling as a citizen, to fight for liberty.”1 -Casimir Pulaski…

  • Washington’s deadliest enemy

    Kathryn ToneWiesbaden, Germany As Commander of the Continental Army, General George Washington is famously remembered for the surprise 1776 Christmas attack on the Hessian garrison in Trenton, New Jersey. A bold, relatively spontaneous decision, the attack was a last-ditch effort to salvage some sort of victory after some punishing eight months of humiliating defeats from…